Main Article Content
Abstract
Due to global efforts to save energy, digital light processing (DLP) and direct view televisions (DVTVs) are being replaced by energy-efficient liquid crystal display (LCD) and light emitting diode (LED) televisions. However, these energy-efficient appliances cause harmonics to be injected into the power distribution system, posing a threat to power quality. This study investigates the harmonics generated by common domestic appliances, particularly LCD and LED TVs used in homes in Ghana. Field harmonic measurements were taken using a C.A. 8335 Power Quality Analyzer at a selected facility and were then replicated in a simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK to model the facility's area network capacity of 100-kVA, 11kV/433V. The study proposes a notch filter as a harmonic mitigation technique, which is integrated into the simulation design and found to be effective at reducing total harmonic distortion current to 0.05 % when applied in parallel to nonlinear loads. The study also compares the harmonic distortion generated by LED TVs and LCD TVs, finding that both types generate high levels of distortion.
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References
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- Elphick, S., Ciufo, P. and Perera, S. (2010). Laboratory investigation of the input current characteristics of modern domestic appliances for varying supply voltage conditions. Proceedings of 14th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power (pp. 1-7). Berga mo, Italy: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHQP.2010.5625397.
- George, E. and Kingsford, J. A. (2017). Evaluating the performance of harmonic neutral blocking filter in ECG electric power distribution system. Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering (pp. 7-10). UK London: IAENG.
- George, V., Bagaria, A., Singh, P., Pampattiwar, S. R., and Periwal, S. (2011). Comparison of CFL and LED
- lamp - harmonic disturbances, economics (cost and power quality) and maximum possible loading in a
- power system. 2011 International Conference & Utility Exhibition on Power and Energy Systems: Issues and Prospects for Asia (ICUE) (pp. 1-5). Pattaya, Thailand: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUEPES.2011.6497742.
- Ghorbani, M., J, and Mokhtari, H. (2015). Impact of harmonics on power quality and losses in power distribution systems. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 166-174.
- IEEE. (2014). IEEE Recommended Practice and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems. in IEEE Std 519-2014, 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.2014.6826459.
- Jabbar, R. A., Al-Dabbagh, M., Muhammad, A., Khawaja, R. H., & Akmal, M. (2008). Impact of compact fluorescent lamp on power quality. 2008 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2008 (pp. 1-5). Sydney, NSW, Australia: IEEE.
- Korovesis, P. N., and Vokas, G. A. (2004). Influence of large–scale installation of energy lamps on line voltage distortion of a weak network supplied by photovoltaic station. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1787 –1793. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2004.835432.
- McLorn, G., Laverty, D., Morrow, D. J., and McLoone, S. (2019). Load and harmonic distortion characterization of modern low-energy lighting under applied voltage variation. Electric Power Systems Research, 124-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2018.12.029
- Parsons, B. A. (2006). Installation of compact fluorescent lamps assessment of benefits. New Zealand: Electricity Commission.
- Raymond, G., Dong-Ho, L., and Jusung, K. (2020). Analysis and design of harmonic rejection low noise amplifier with an embedded notch filter. Electronics. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9040596
- Raymond, G., Dong-Ho, L., & Jusung, K. (2020). Design and validation of a blocker rejection LNA with On-chip dual-notch filters. 2020 International SoC Design Conference (ISOCC) (pp. 31-32). Yeosu: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISOCC50952.2020.9332933
- Raymond, G., Dong-Ho, L., and Jusung, K. (2021). Design of a low noise amplifier employing on-chip notch filters. 2021 International Conference on Electronics, Information, and Communication (ICEIC) (pp. 1-4). Jeju:IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEIC51217.2021.9369818.
- Verderber, R. R., Morse, O. C., & Alling, W. R. (991). Harmonics from compact fluorescent lamps. Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (pp. 1853-1858). Dearborn, MI, USA: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/28.222443.
References
Arrillaga, J. and Watson, N. R. (2003). Power system harmonics, Second Edition. John Willey & Sons. Azevedo, I. L., Morgan, M. G. and Morgan, F. (2009). The Transition to SolidState Lighting State Lighting. in Proceedings of the IEEE (pp. 481-510). IEEE. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/JPROC.2009.2013058.
Elphick, S., Ciufo, P. and Perera, S. (2010). Laboratory investigation of the input current characteristics of modern domestic appliances for varying supply voltage conditions. Proceedings of 14th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power (pp. 1-7). Berga mo, Italy: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHQP.2010.5625397.
George, E. and Kingsford, J. A. (2017). Evaluating the performance of harmonic neutral blocking filter in ECG electric power distribution system. Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering (pp. 7-10). UK London: IAENG.
George, V., Bagaria, A., Singh, P., Pampattiwar, S. R., and Periwal, S. (2011). Comparison of CFL and LED
lamp - harmonic disturbances, economics (cost and power quality) and maximum possible loading in a
power system. 2011 International Conference & Utility Exhibition on Power and Energy Systems: Issues and Prospects for Asia (ICUE) (pp. 1-5). Pattaya, Thailand: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUEPES.2011.6497742.
Ghorbani, M., J, and Mokhtari, H. (2015). Impact of harmonics on power quality and losses in power distribution systems. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 166-174.
IEEE. (2014). IEEE Recommended Practice and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems. in IEEE Std 519-2014, 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.2014.6826459.
Jabbar, R. A., Al-Dabbagh, M., Muhammad, A., Khawaja, R. H., & Akmal, M. (2008). Impact of compact fluorescent lamp on power quality. 2008 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2008 (pp. 1-5). Sydney, NSW, Australia: IEEE.
Korovesis, P. N., and Vokas, G. A. (2004). Influence of large–scale installation of energy lamps on line voltage distortion of a weak network supplied by photovoltaic station. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1787 –1793. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2004.835432.
McLorn, G., Laverty, D., Morrow, D. J., and McLoone, S. (2019). Load and harmonic distortion characterization of modern low-energy lighting under applied voltage variation. Electric Power Systems Research, 124-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2018.12.029
Parsons, B. A. (2006). Installation of compact fluorescent lamps assessment of benefits. New Zealand: Electricity Commission.
Raymond, G., Dong-Ho, L., and Jusung, K. (2020). Analysis and design of harmonic rejection low noise amplifier with an embedded notch filter. Electronics. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9040596
Raymond, G., Dong-Ho, L., & Jusung, K. (2020). Design and validation of a blocker rejection LNA with On-chip dual-notch filters. 2020 International SoC Design Conference (ISOCC) (pp. 31-32). Yeosu: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISOCC50952.2020.9332933
Raymond, G., Dong-Ho, L., and Jusung, K. (2021). Design of a low noise amplifier employing on-chip notch filters. 2021 International Conference on Electronics, Information, and Communication (ICEIC) (pp. 1-4). Jeju:IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEIC51217.2021.9369818.
Verderber, R. R., Morse, O. C., & Alling, W. R. (991). Harmonics from compact fluorescent lamps. Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (pp. 1853-1858). Dearborn, MI, USA: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/28.222443.
